Taylor,+Lauren,+Andrew,+and+Matt+Projects

Chapter Three: States of Matter
=﻿By: Taylor, Lauren, Andrew, and Matt=

Taylor's Project: Bernoulli's principle
Question: What is Bernoulli's principle and what does it effect? Bernoulli's principle: As the speed of a moving fluid increases the pressure decreases. Basically the increase in velocity causes the pressure to decrease in a given liquid.

How does this principle effect planes and lift? For the wings of the plane, the air flowing over the bottom of a wing has a lower pressure. The air flowing over the top of the wing goes faster and has a higher velocity. This means that because of Bernoulli's principle, the pressure on the top of the wing is less than the pressure under the wing. In the end this creates something known as lift, and upward force on the plane that allows it to fly.

The formula for lift: Lift= (1/2) (air density) (velocity in feet squared) (aircrafts lift area) (coefficient lift)

For more information go to: [] [] My power point: media type="custom" key="7548511" =__**My experiment: **__= __Question__: How does Bernoulli's principle allow a hair dryer to hold a ping pong ball in the air? How will different weighted balls effect the angle you can turn the hair dryer before the ball falls to the ground? What is the effect of the weight of the ball on the angle of the hair dryer?

__Things needed__: -Hair dryer -different weighted balls -something to measure the angle

__Hypothesis__: ====The lighter the ball, the greater the angle it will be able to go to before falling to the ground. Also the speed of the wind (faster than the surrounding air) is like Bernoulli's principle because since the air is moving faster it will have a lower pressure, allowing it to hold up a light ball at an angle.====

__Constants__: The temperature of the air from the hair dryer and the room's temperature, the speed of the air from the hair dryer, and the size of each ball.


__An example of this law__: When you put a ping pong ball on the end of the string and swing it in and out of a running water from a faucet the ball will remain in the water. Due to the fact the the water is moving faser than the air around it, the water has less pressure and holds the ball. Here is a video of it happening.

Question: What is a gas? Notes: · Gases take the shape of their container and its volume · They have a weak molecular force · Considered fluid because made to flow and move · Particles move freely · No order to particles · One of four common state of matter · Atmosphere is made of gases · Gases have lower densities · No specific shape · Changes in volume under pressure and temperature · Gas laws like Charles’ and Boyle’s law · High pressure condense to liquid · Low pressure solids turn to gas · Nitrogen and oxygen gas · Green house affect caused by gas
 * Lauren's Project: Gas**

Informational Links Below: · [] · [] great pictures of states of matter :)  · []

Powerpoint on gas media type="custom" key="7574609"

Life on Titan Notes: · Closed atmosphere · Nitrogen in atmosphere · Nitrogen and methane react to make complicated molecules · Life on Titan might be methane-based life · Methane-based life is hypothetical, but they have found similar things in frozen liquids on Earth · Hydrogen molecules are also in atmosphere and rain down on surface and then sink through surface · Hydrogen is light and buoyant and should float and escape the atmosphere, but instead it sinks · For the methane-based life you need methane and acetylene · There is a lack of acetylene on Titan which could affect the existence of methane-based life · Methane- based life produces methane as waste · They might live in liquids but not with water for it is too cold, but methane and ethane might work · On Titan it rains methane and ethane which are needed for this type of life · No exposed life on surface and lack of hydrogen on surface · Many think this chemical finding is not caused by methane-based life · To begin life the particles need to separate and be able to adapt to the conditions on Titan · Nitrogen is needed for certain life to start · Titan is the only moon to have its own closed atmosphere · Many think it is beginning like our planet did · Methane and nitrogen dissolve into water, which might explain why there is some on Titan

Here are some informational websites [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] []

Powerpoint of Life On Titan

media type="custom" key="7586907"

Andrew's Project: Liquids
__Here is a powerpoint about liquids:__
 * Luiquds tke the shape of their container
 * Liquids have a definate volume
 * Liquids have particles with partial atraction so they stick together but can run past eachother.
 * A liquid is the state between a solid and a gas

Matt's Project: Plasmas __Here is a powerpoint about Plasmas__
 * Plasmas are attracted to magnetic fields
 * Plasmas can carry an electric current
 * Plasmas are made of atoms and molecules
 * The particles are completely broken apart from each other.

**Heating A Liquid**
In this expirement I observed the boiling points of different liquids and I compared them. I tested th boiling point of water, methanol, and ethanol and I compared the rate that they heated up. I found that Water boiled at 100 degrees celcius, Ethanol boils at 77 degrees celcius, and Methanol boils at 66 degrees celcius. Though the boiling point of Ethanol had the middle boiling point it boiled in the quickest time and the water took the longest time to boil.





Corn Startch and Water:
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We mixed about 50 cubic centimeters of cornstarch with 25 mililiters of water. When they were mixed together slowly, they created a suspension. The suspention acted like a liquid, but when force was aplied to it, it acted like a solid. Doing things like slapping the suspention turned it into a solid-like state, but when you put your finger in it and easily pressed down, your finger sunk in like it was a liquid.